Phekolo ea mocheso ke mohato oa bohlokoa haholo oa ho sebetsana le lisebelisoa tsa tšepe.Kalafo ea mocheso e ka fetola thepa ea 'mele le ea mechine ea thepa ea tšepe, ea ntlafatsa ho thatafala ha bona, matla, ho tiea le lintho tse ling.
E le ho etsa bonnete ba hore sebopeho sa moralo oa sehlahisoa se bolokehile, se ka tšeptjoa, se na le moruo ebile se sebetsa hantle, baenjiniere ba meralo ka kakaretso ba hloka ho utloisisa thepa ea mochini, ho khetha mekhoa e nepahetseng ea kalafo ea mocheso ho ipapisitse le litlhoko tsa moralo le litšoaneleho tsa thepa, le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea bona. bolele ba bophelo.Lintlha tse latelang ke mekhoa ea phekolo ea mocheso ea 13 e amanang le thepa ea tšepe, ka tšepo ea ho thusa bohle.
1. Ho tlatsa
Mokhoa oa ho phekola mocheso oo thepa ea tšepe e futhumatsang mocheso o loketseng, e bolokiloe ka nako e itseng, ebe e pholile butle-butle.Sepheo sa annealing ke haholo-holo ho fokotsa ho thatafala ha lisebelisoa tsa tšepe, ho ntlafatsa polasetiki, ho thusa ho itšeha kapa khatello ea khatello, ho fokotsa khatello ea kelello e setseng, ho ntlafatsa ho tšoana ha microstructure le sebopeho, kapa ho lokisa microstructure bakeng sa phekolo ea mocheso e latelang.Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea annealing e kenyeletsa recrystallization annealing, annealing e feletseng, spheroidization annealing, le ho imolla khatello ea kelello.
Annealing e felletseng: Ntlafatsa boholo ba lijo-thollo, sebopeho se ts'oanang, fokotsa boima, felisa khatello ea maikutlo ka botlalo.Annealing e felletseng e loketse ho forging kapa litšepe tse nang le khabone (karolo ea boima) ka tlase ho 0.8%.
Spheroidizing annealing: e fokotsa ho thatafala ha tšepe, e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho itšeha, 'me e itokisetsa ho tima nakong e tlang ho fokotsa deformation le ho peperana ka mor'a ho tima.Spheroidizing annealing e loketse bakeng sa tšepe ea carbon le alloy tool e nang le khabone (karolo ea boima) e kholo ho feta 0.8%.
Ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo: E felisa khatello ea kelello e ka hare e hlahisoang nakong ea ho tjheseletsa le ho otlolla ho batang ha likarolo tsa tšepe, e felisa khatello ea kelello e ka hare e hlahisoang nakong ea ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng oa likarolo, 'me e thibela ho senyeha nakong ea ts'ebetso le ts'ebeliso e latelang.Khatello e fokotsang khatello ea maikutlo e loketse li-castings tse fapaneng, li-forging, likarolo tse cheselitsoeng, le likarolo tse batang tse pharalletseng.
2. Ho tloaeleha
E bua ka ts'ebetso ea kalafo ea mocheso ea ho futhumatsa tšepe kapa likarolo tsa tšepe ho mocheso oa 30-50 ℃ ka holimo ho Ac3 kapa Acm (thempereichara e kaholimo ea tšepe), ho li tšoara ka nako e nepahetseng, le ho li pholisa moeeng o khutsitseng.Sepheo sa ho tloaeleha ke haholo-holo ho ntlafatsa thepa ea mochine oa tšepe e tlaase ea carbon, ho ntlafatsa machinability, ho hloekisa boholo ba lijo-thollo, ho felisa mefokolo ea sebopeho, le ho lokisa sebopeho bakeng sa phekolo ea mocheso e latelang.
3. Ho tima
E bua ka ts'ebetso ea kalafo ea mocheso ea ho futhumatsa karolo ea tšepe ho mocheso o kaholimo ho Ac3 kapa Ac1 (mocheso o tlase oa mocheso oa tšepe), o e ts'oara nako e itseng, ebe o fumana sebopeho sa martensite (kapa bainite) sebakeng se le seng. sekhahla se loketseng sa ho pholisa.Sepheo sa ho tima ke ho fumana mohaho o hlokahalang oa martensitic bakeng sa likarolo tsa tšepe, ho ntlafatsa ho thatafala, matla, le ho apara ho hanyetsa ha workpiece, le ho lokisa sebopeho bakeng sa phekolo ea mocheso e latelang.
Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho tima e kenyelletsa ho tima metsi a letsoai, ho tima metsi a letsoai, ho tima metsi a mangata, ho tima metsi a mangata, ho tima metsi ka holim'a metsi, le ho tima metsi sebakeng seo.
Ho tima mokelikeli o le mong: Ho tima mokelikeli o le mong ho sebetsa feela ho tšepe ea k'habone le likarolo tsa tšepe tsa alloy tse nang le libopeho tse bonolo le litlhoko tse tlase tsa tekheniki.Nakong ea ho tima, bakeng sa likarolo tsa tšepe tsa carbon tse nang le bophara kapa botenya bo fetang 5-8mm, metsi a letsoai kapa a pholileng a metsi a lokela ho sebelisoa;Likarolo tsa tšepe tsa alloy li pholile ka oli.
Ho tima metsi a mabeli: Chesa likarolo tsa tšepe ho mocheso o timang, ka mor'a ho koala, ka potlako li pholile ka metsing ho 300-400 º C, ebe u li fetisetsa oli bakeng sa ho pholile.
Ho tima lelakabe holim'a lelakabe: Ho tima lelakabe holim'a lelakabe ho loketse bakeng sa tšepe e kholo ea khabone le likarolo tsa tšepe tse mahareng tsa carbon alloy, joalo ka li-crankshafts, likere le liporo tse tataisang, tse hlokang libaka tse thata le tse sa senyeheng 'me li ka mamella meroalo e matla tlhahisong e le 'ngoe kapa e nyane. .
Ho thatafatsa ka holim'a induction: Likarolo tse thatafalitsoeng ka holimo li na le bokaholimo bo thata le bo sa senyeheng, ha li ntse li boloka matla a matle le ho tiea ha mantlha.Ho thatafatsa ka holim'a metsi ho loketse bakeng sa likarolo tsa tšepe tsa carbon tse mahareng le alloy tse nang le khabone e itekanetseng.
4. Ho halefisa
E bua ka mokhoa oa ho phekola mocheso moo likarolo tsa tšepe li timang ebe li futhumatsoa mocheso o ka tlaase ho Ac1, o tšoaroang nako e itseng, ebe o pholile mocheso oa kamore.Sepheo sa ho halefisa ke haholo-holo ho felisa khatello ea kelello e hlahisoang ke likarolo tsa tšepe nakong ea ho tima, e le hore likarolo tsa tšepe li be le boima bo phahameng le ho hanyetsa ho apara, hammoho le polasetiki e hlokahalang le boima.Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho futhumatsa e kenyelletsa mocheso o tlase oa mocheso, mocheso o bohareng oa mocheso, mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso, joalo-joalo.
Mocheso o tlase oa mocheso: Mocheso o tlase oa mocheso o felisa khatello ea kelello e ka hare e bakoang ke ho tima likarolo tsa tšepe, 'me hangata e sebelisoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa ho seha, lisebelisoa tsa ho lekanya, hlobo, li-bearings, le likarolo tsa carburized.
Mocheso o mahareng oa mocheso: Mocheso o mahareng oa mocheso o thusa likarolo tsa tšepe ho fihlela elasticity e phahameng, ho tiea ho itseng, le ho thatafala, 'me hangata e sebelisetsoa mefuta e fapaneng ea liliba, litempe tse chesang li shoa le likarolo tse ling.
Mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso: Mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso o thusa likarolo tsa tšepe ho finyella lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa mochine, e leng matla a phahameng, ho tiea le ho thatafala ho lekaneng, ho felisa khatello ea kelello e ka hare e bakoang ke ho tima.E sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa sebopeho tse hlokang matla a phahameng le ho tiea, joalo ka li-spindles, crankshafts, lik'hamera, likere le lithupa tse hokelang.
5. Ho tima le ho halefa
E bua ka mokhoa o kopantsoeng oa phekolo ea mocheso oa ho tima le ho futhumatsa tšepe kapa likarolo tsa tšepe.Tšepe e sebelisetsoang ho tima le ho futhumatsa phekolo e bitsoa quenched and tempered steel.Ka kakaretso e bua ka tšepe ea sebopeho sa khabone e mahareng le tšepe ea sebopeho sa carbon alloy.
6. Kalafo ea mocheso oa lik'hemik'hale
Ts'ebetso ea kalafo ea mocheso moo tšepe kapa motsoako oa alloy o behoang sebakeng se sebetsang ka mocheso o itseng bakeng sa ho kenya letsoho, ho lumella ntho e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta hore e kene ka holim'a eona ho fetola lik'hemik'hale tsa eona, sebopeho le tshebetso.Sepheo sa phekolo ea mocheso oa lik'hemik'hale ke haholo-holo ho ntlafatsa ho thatafala ha holim'a metsi, ho hanyetsa ho apara, ho hanyetsa kutu, matla a mokhathala le ho hanyetsa oxidation ea likarolo tsa tšepe.Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea phekolo ea mocheso oa lik'hemik'hale e kenyelletsa carburization, nitriding, carbonitriding, joalo-joalo.
Carburization: Ho fihlela boima bo phahameng (HRC60-65) le ho apara ho hanyetsa holim'a metsi, ha u ntse u boloka boima bo phahameng bohareng.E atisa ho sebelisoa bakeng sa likarolo tse sa sebetseng le tse hanyetsanang le tšusumetso tse kang mabili, likere, shafts, piston pins, joalo-joalo.
Nitriding: Ho ntlafatsa ho thatafala, ho hanyetsa, le ho hanyetsa ho bola ha karolo e ka holimo ea likarolo tsa tšepe, tse sebelisoang hangata likarolong tsa bohlokoa tse kang liboutu, linate le lithapo.
Carbonitriding: e ntlafatsa ho thatafala le ho roala ho hanyetsa ha karolo e ka holimo ea likarolo tsa tšepe, e loketseng bakeng sa tšepe e tlaase ea carbon, tšepe e bohareng ea carbon, kapa likarolo tsa tšepe ea alloy, hape e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa ho itšeha ka lebelo le phahameng.
7. Kalafo ea tharollo e tiileng
E bua ka mokhoa oa phekolo ea mocheso oa ho futhumatsa motsoako sebakeng se phahameng sa mocheso o le mong le ho boloka mocheso o sa khaotseng, ho lumella karolo e feteletseng hore e qhibilihe ka ho feletseng ka tharollo e tiileng ebe e pholile ka potlako ho fumana tharollo e tiileng ea supersaturated.Sepheo sa phekolo ea tharollo ke haholo-holo ho ntlafatsa polasetiki le ho tiea ha tšepe le li-alloys, le ho lokisetsa phekolo ea pula e thata.
8. Ho thatafala ha pula (ho matlafatsa pula)
Ts'ebetso ea kalafo ea mocheso eo tšepe e thatafalloang ka eona ka lebaka la ho arohana ha liathomo tse solute ka tharollo e tiileng ea supersaturated le / kapa ho hasana ha likaroloana tse qhibilihisitsoeng ka har'a matrix.Haeba austenitic precipitation stainless steel e ka ba tlas'a phekolo e thatafatsang ea pula ho 400-500 ℃ kapa 700-800 ℃ ka mor'a phekolo e tiileng ea tharollo kapa ho sebetsa ha serame, e ka fumana matla a phahameng.
9. Phekolo ea nako
E bua ka ts'ebetso ea kalafo ea mocheso eo ho eona li-alloy workpieces li kenang kalafo e tiileng ea tharollo, deformation ea polasetiki e batang kapa ea ho lahla, ebe e qhekelloa, e behiloe mocheso o phahameng kapa e bolokiloe mocheso oa kamore, 'me thepa ea bona, sebopeho le boholo ba tsona li fetoha ha nako e ntse e ea.
Haeba mokhoa oa phekolo ea botsofali oa ho futhumatsa workpiece ho mocheso o phahameng le ho etsa phekolo ea botsofali nako e telele e amoheloa, e bitsoa phekolo ea botsofali ba maiketsetso;Ketsahalo ea botsofali e etsahalang ha workpiece e bolokiloe mocheso oa kamore kapa maemo a tlhaho ka nako e telele e bitsoa phekolo ea tlhaho ea botsofali.Sepheo sa phekolo ea botsofali ke ho felisa khatello ea kelello ka hare ho workpiece, ho tsitsisa sebopeho le boholo, le ho ntlafatsa thepa ea mechine.
10. Ho thatafala
E bua ka litšobotsi tse khethollang botebo ba quenching le kabo ea boima ba tšepe tlas'a maemo a boletsoeng.Ho thatafala hantle kapa ho fokola ha tšepe ea tšepe hangata ho emeloa ke botebo ba lera le thata.Ha botebo bo boholo ba lera le thatafalang, ho molemo ho thatafala ha tšepe.Ho thatafala ha tšepe haholo-holo ho itšetlehile ka sebopeho sa eona sa lik'hemik'hale, haholo-holo likarolo tsa motsoako le boholo ba lijo-thollo tse eketsang ho thatafala, mocheso oa mocheso le nako ea ho tšoara.Litšepe tse nang le boima bo botle li ka finyella thepa e ts'oanang le e tsitsitseng ea mechine ho pholletsa le karolo eohle ea tšepe, 'me mahlahana a timang a nang le khatello e tlaase ea ho tima a ka khethoa ho fokotsa deformation le ho senya.
11. Bophahamo bo tebileng (bophara bo tebileng ba ho tima)
Bophahamo ba bohlokoa bo bolela bophara bo boholo ba tšepe ha martensite eohle kapa 50% mohaho oa martensite o fumanoa bohareng ka mor'a ho tima ka mokhoa o itseng.Bophara bo boima ba litšepe tse ling hangata bo ka fumanoa ka liteko tsa ho thatafala ka oli kapa metsi.
12. Ho thatafala ha bobeli
Li-alloys tse ling tsa tšepe-carbon (joalo ka tšepe ea lebelo le phahameng) li hloka lipotoloho tse ngata tsa mocheso ho eketsa boima ba tsona.Ketsahalo ena e thata, e tsejoang e le ho thatafala ha bobeli, e bakoa ke pula ea li-carbides tse khethehileng le / kapa phetoho ea austenite ho martensite kapa bainite.
13. Tempering brittleness
E bua ka ketsahalo ea embrittlement ea tšepe e tingoeng e halefileng ka har'a mefuta e itseng ea mocheso kapa e pholileng butle ho tloha mochesong oa mocheso ho pholletsa le mefuta ena ea mocheso.Bofokoli ba khalefo bo ka aroloa ka mofuta oa pele oa brittleness le mofuta oa bobeli oa brittleness.
Mofuta oa pele oa brittleness ea khalefo, eo hape e tsejoang e le ho halefa ho sa tsitsang, haholo-holo ho hlaha mocheso o batang oa 250-400 ℃.Ka mor'a hore brittleness e nyamele ka mor'a ho futhumatsa hape, brittleness e phetoa sebakeng sena mme ha e sa etsahala;
Mofuta oa bobeli oa brittleness ea khalefo, o tsejoang hape e le "reversible temper brittleness", o hlaha maemong a mocheso ho tloha ho 400 ho isa ho 650 ℃.Ha brittleness e nyamela ka mor'a ho futhumatsa hape, e lokela ho pholile kapele 'me ha ea lokela ho lula nako e telele kapa butle-butle ho pholile ho tloha ho 400 ho isa ho 650 ℃, ho seng joalo liketsahalo tsa catalytic li tla etsahala hape.
Ho hlaha ha khalefo brittleness ho amana le likarolo tsa alloy tse fumanehang ka har'a tšepe, joalo ka manganese, chromium, silicon, le nickel, tse atisang ho hlahisa bohale ba brittleness, ha molybdenum le tungsten li na le tšekamelo ea ho fokolisa bohale.
Metal e ncha ea Gapowerke profeshenale tšepe sehlahisoa suppler.Liphaephe tsa tšepe, limaraka tsa li-coil le tsa tšepe li kenyelletsa ST35 ST37 ST44 ST52 42CRMO4, S45C CK45 SAE4130 SAE4140 SCM440 joalo-joalo. Amohela moreki ho botsa le ho etela fektheri.
Nako ea poso: Nov-23-2023